FIRST ITINERARY

THE CAPITOLINE HILL, THE ROMAN FORUM,
THE PALATINE HILL, THE COLOSSEUM AND THE BASILICA OF ST. JOHN IN LATERAN
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Tempio di Venere e Roma

Tempio di Venere e Roma

The most well preserved building on the Palatine is the Casa di Livia, named after the wife of Augustus. To enter this house, a long underground passageway was created as it was found at a level below those of the newer constructions. According to unsure traditions, it was in this passageway that Caligula was killed. Why the Flavian emperors did not destroy this building is unknown, since they did not hesitate to destroy grandiose imperial buildings and significant monuments or bury anything else in order to make room for their new constructions. Thus it is thought that this could be the house of Augustus and was left intact by his successors in homage to the first Emperor, although this is just a theory. The house is a rich Roman residence from the Augustan period and is particularly interesting for its elegant murals that are well preserved. Other interesting murals are found in the rooms below the basilica and at the Lararium (place of cult worship) of the Palazzo dei Flavi. Beyond the Casa di Livia towards the church of San Giorgio al Velabro, are the ruins of an archaic temple, the Temple of Magna Mater or Cibele. Across are the remains of a few extremely ancient monuments including a few of the steps from the stairway of Caco, named after the son of Vulcano, a legendary character who was half man, half satyr and who exhaled from the mouth torrents of flame and smoke and killed whoever fell into his hands. Other buildings include one believed to be the hut of Romulus and the sight where the Augure were interrogated. In the underlying area towards the Lupercale, there is an ancient altar which a few centuries later was dedicated to an unknown god by the Praetor in the year 100 B.C., Caio Sestio: "A te, sii tu una dea o un dio", (now the Antiquarium of the Palatine) and along the Clivus Victoriae (named after an ancient temple to Victory yet to be identified) is a section of ancient, primitive Roman wall. These are the only remains of primitive Rome and thus the most precious relics of the Palatine and the Roman Forum.